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Chess Notation Guide – Learn Algebraic Notation (Coordinates, Captures, Checks & More)

Chess notation looks intimidating until you realise it’s just a clean language for describing moves. Once you know coordinates (a1–h8) and a few symbols, you can read books, follow YouTube analysis, save your games, and learn faster. This guide links to the most useful ChessWorld pages on notation, scoresheets, and the “special moves”.

The 60-second notation cheat sheet:
  • Squares: file + rank, like e4 or a1
  • Pieces: K Q R B N (pawns have no letter)
  • Captures: add x (e.g., Bxe5)
  • Check / mate: + / #
  • Castling: O-O (kingside) or O-O-O (queenside)
  • Promotion: =Q (or =R, =B, =N)
  • En passant: often written “e.p.” in explanations (notation varies)
On this page:

📝 Start Here: Learn Chess Notation the Fast Way

If you only learn one thing first, learn the board coordinates. After that, algebraic notation becomes straightforward. Use these pages in order if you’re brand new.

🧭 Coordinates: a1–h8 (The Board “Grid”)

Every square has a name. Files are a–h. Ranks are 1–8. Once you can instantly find “e4”, notation stops feeling like code.

🔤 Algebraic Notation Basics (What the Letters Mean)

Algebraic notation describes the piece and the destination square. Pawns usually only show the square (e.g., “e4”), while pieces use letters (Nf3, Bb5, Qd2).

⚔️ Captures, “x”, and Disambiguation

Captures add an x (Bxe5). Sometimes two pieces can go to the same square, so notation adds a file or rank to clarify (like Nbd2 or R1e2).

✅ Check (+) and Checkmate (#)

If your move gives check, add +. If it’s checkmate, add #. Many beginners also learn faster by linking this to the actual rules of check and mate.

♟ Special Move Notation: Castling, En Passant, Promotion

These are the three “weird” ones that confuse most learners. Learn the rule first, then the way it’s written.

📋 Scoresheets, PGNs, and Reading Real Games

Notation becomes “real” when you write down your own games or replay master games. This section is the practical bridge from theory to usage.

🏷 Practical / Advanced Applications

Once you’re comfortable with notation, you’ll start seeing it used as a “code” for openings and databases.

💡 Quick habit: When you study a game, pause on each move and say it out loud (e.g., “Nf3”, “Bxc6+”). That tiny habit makes notation feel natural in days, not months.
Your next move:

Chess notation is a language: learn coordinates first, then symbols, then practise by reading and recording real games.

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